Medical scientists are also known as clinical laboratory scientists, clinical research scientists and research associates. They conduct a wide variety of research to advance knowledge of life processes, and develop methodologies and procedures for medical use in treating diseases. Medical research has advanced the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of many diseases, and is the foundation for new drugs and treatments.
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To determine the cause of diseases and other health conditions, medical scientists study biological systems. Some work to identify changes in cells that indicate medical problems. For example, medical scientists working to find cancer treatments will study cells to determine what drugs or combinations of drugs reduce the effects of the disease. They often work with physicians to use new drugs in trials, monitoring patient reactions and analyzing the results.
Today, medical scientists are increasingly involved in genetic engineering, which is leading to the discovery of genes associated with various diseases and inherited health conditions.
Medical Scientists and Clinical Research Associates Job Profile
- Most medical scientists have a PhD in a biological science.
- Medical scientists are typically employed by hospital or university research laboratories, or pharmaceutical or biotechnology companies.
- The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) predicts that job prospects in the coming years will be favorable, particularly for medical scientists with both a PhD and MD.
Work Environment for Medical Scientists
Research medical scientists spend most of their work day in laboratories. Some may have direct patient contact, administering drugs and taking samples for testing and research. They are sometimes exposed to dangerous organisms or toxic substances; strict adherence to safety procedures helps reduce contamination. Most medical scientists work 40 hours per week, but overtime may be required. Depending on their place of employment or specific research, some may be required to work flexible hours, including evenings.
Education, Training and Career Path
A PhD in a biological science is the typical entry into most medical scientist positions. Some also earn medical degrees. The path to a medical scientist career can begin with a bachelor’s degree program in a biological science. Coursework should include chemistry, biology, mathematics, physics and humanities courses. Writing and communication classes will be advantageous to medical scientists who write grant proposals and publish the results of their research.
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After completing an undergraduate degree, a student may enroll in a university PhD program with about six years of study in a specialty field such as genetics, pathology, or bioinformatics. Alternatively, students may enroll in medical school to earn a joint MD – PhD degree.
Postdoctoral work in a lab prior to applying for permanent work is a typical path for medical scientists; there, they obtain valuable experience in specific techniques and processes that can be transferred to other research projects.
Medical scientists who wish to administer drug therapy, gene therapy, draw blood or perform other invasive procedures on patients must be licensed physicians. Licensing requires graduation from an accredited medical school, one to seven years of graduate medical education and passing an examination.
Individuals interested in pursuing a medical scientist or clinical research career should be committed to many years of education and able to work independently. Strong written and oral communication skills are also necessary for success in this field.
Medical Scientists and Research Associate Jobs Outlook and Earnings Potential
The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) records for May 2009 indicate that medical scientists held approximately 101,760 jobs; most were with scientific research and development service companies, and colleges and universities. Others were with pharmaceutical and medical manufacturing firms and hospitals.
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What is the jobs outlook for clinical research associates? The BLS predicts employment in this field will grow much faster than the average for all occupations. Job growth will occur as the biotechnology industry continues to grow and as expansion continues in research related to diseases and the population’s increasing resistance to antibiotics.
How much do medical scientists or research associates earn eacn a year? The BLS reports that medical scientists earned a median yearly salary of $74,590 in May 2009. The middle 50% earned between $53,600 and $103,060, while the lowest 10% earned about $41,320. The highest 10% earned upwards of $138,840 annually.